Monoclonal antibodies

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides DNA sequences encoding complementarity determining regions of variable domains of human anti-RhD antibodies and their use in the production of recombinant chimeric antibody molecules. Chimeric antibody molecules against the Rhesus (D) antigen or an antigen binding fragment thereof, as well as anti-Rhesus (D) reagents and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said chimeric antibodies are also provided.

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/856,034, filed Jun. 23, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,831,063, which is the national phase of PCT/EP90/01964 filed Nov. 13, 1990.

This invention relates to novel monoclonal anti-RhD antibodies prepared by recombinant DNA methods.

The Rhesus blood group system is a major antigenic constituent of the human red blood cell membrane; of this group, the RhD antigen is of particular clinical importance in relation to isoimmune reactions. An Rh D-individual with anti-RhD who receives RhD+ blood is liable to suffer substantial red blood cell (RBC) destruction due to the RhD phenotype incompatibility, and thus blood of donors must routinely be classified as RhD+ or RhD-. Anti RhD monoclonal antibodies (anti-D Mabs) are capable of providing blood-typing reagents of high specificity and reliability.

The RhD antigen is also responsible for haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). This condition arises in newborn RhD+ infants of RhD- mothers previously sensitised to RhD antigen as a result of IgG anti-RhD antibodies crossing the placeenta during pregnancy and causing foetal red blood cell (RBC) destruction. Sensitization of the RhD- mother to RhD antigen often occurs during the birth of an earlier RhD+ child due to some foetal RBCs catering the maternal circulation and being recognised as foreign by the maternal immune system. To reduce the incidence of HDN, it is routine practice in the United Kingdom and many other countries to give anti-RhD antibodies to RhD- mothers immediately after the birth of an RhD+ infant so that any RhD+ RBCs which may have entered the maternal circulation are rapidly removed.

The search for the most effective anti D Mabs has proved to be extremely time consuming, involving the isolation of B-lymphocytes from humans immunised against RhD, usually Rh-ve mothers who have given birth to Rh+ve children. Such lymphocytes are subjected to EBV treatment to provide an immortalised cell-line directly or the EBV-treated cells are hybridised with suitable mouse myeloma cells to provide a hydridoma: The cell-line or hybridoma may then be used to produce the anti-D Mab in the conventional way.

However, there are significant differences between anti-D Mabs in terms of their binding affinities for red cells, their ability to recognise D-variants such as D^(O) and D^(VI), and their ability to destroy target cells by phagocynosis or cell-mediated lysis. It is desirable, therefore, to have available a method of combining the favourable parameters of different anti-D Mabs or, indeed of combining the most favourable features of selected anti-D Mabs with Mabs of quite different specificities which present particular advantages, in order to produce so-called chimaeric Mabs.

The concept of building chimaeric Mabs, has been described by Jones et al (Nature 321, 522-525 (1986)) and Riechmann et al (Nature 332, 323-327 (1988)). Three dimensional studies have shown that immunoglobulins comprise essentially constant regions common to most Mabs and terminally situated variable domains associated with antigen binding.

It has been shown that the variable domains consist of two β-sheets joined by a disulphide bridge with their hydrophobic faces in contact. Sequence comparisons among heavy- and light-chain variable domains (V_(H) and V_(L) respectively) have revealed that each of these domains comprises three hypervariable domains or complementarity determining regions (CDRS) set in a framework of four relatively conserved regions, the framework regions (FRs). The CDRs are primarily responsible for the recognition of specific antigens. The structure of the β-sheet framework is similar in different antibodies, as the packing together of V_(L) and V_(H) FRs is conserved and therefore the orientation of V_(L) with respect to V_(H) is fixed.

Genes coding for a number of Mabs are now available and the sequences coding for the variable regions V_(L) and V_(H) have been determined. It is thus possible to replace the latter sequences by DNA coding for V_(L) and V_(H) from different Mabs and indeed to construct the latter by incorporating DNA coding for chosen CDRs into DNA coding for a standard set of FRs. It is thus possible to construct genes coding for chimeric anti-D Mabs having the CDRs from anti-D Mabs possessing particularly desirable specificities or other properties and framework and constant regions derived from Mabs having other desirable properties.

It is a prerequisite of such construction that the amino acid sequences of the CDR regions of the chosen anti-D Mabs and/or the genes coding for them, should be known. The specific CDR gene sequences can then be syntliesised, conveniently by chemical synthesis of the appropriate oligonucleotides, and incorporated into DNA sequences coding for a standard set of FRs and the human (or other) constant region. Of course, the FRs may be identical with those of the Mab providing the constant region or, more conveniently, they may be a standard set of FRs which can be used generally in the synthesis of chimeric Mabs.

We have produced a number of anti-D Mabs of particular interest and have determined their amino acid sequences, thus making it possible for DNA sequences corresponding to their CDRs to be synthesised and incorporated into V_(H) and V_(L) sequences as described above. These may then be combined with DNA coding for the constant region to enable novel anti-D Mabs to be synthesised which may have lower, the same or higher binding ability.

Thus, according to one aspect we provide DNA sequences comprising oligonucleotides encoding CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 regions of V_(H) and V_(L) domains of antibodies against the human RhD antigen, and functional equivalents thereof. In particular, we have investigated and sequenced eleven Mabs, namely a) FOG-B, b) PAG-1, c) MAD-2, d) FOG-1, e) FOM-1, f) FOM-A, g) BRAD-3, h) JAC-10, i) GAD-2, J) REG-A, K) HAM-B, whose heavy and light chain sequences are represented in FIGS. 2-14, of the accompanying drawings, and which have both varied and particularly useful binding specificities. The FIGS. 2 and 3 show the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the light chain variable domains of the Mabs FOG-B and PAG-1. Corresponding sequences for the heavy chain variable domains of these two Mabs are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and sequences of the heavy chain variable domains of the Mabs MAD-2, FOG-1, FOM-A, BRAD-3, JAC-10, GAD-2, REG-A and HAM-B are shown in FIGS. 6-14 (SEQ ID NOS: 47-55).

Synthetic genes, for both heavy and light chains may be created by combining selected CDR 1, 2, and 3 regions, which may be selected from different antibody molecules having varied binding specificities.

Thus according to a further aspect, we provide DNA molecules coding for the heavy or light chain fragments of a monoclonal antibody or fragment thereof comprising CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 encoding oligonucleotides from antibodies FOG-B, PAG-1, MAD-2, FOG-1, FOM-1, FOM-A, BRAD-3, JAC-10, GAD-2, REG-A and HAM-B as illustrated in FIGS. 2-14 (SEQ ID NOS: 43-55).

In order to create functional genes, such oligonucleotides must be incorporated into a backbone sequence such that when expressed, functional proteins result.

Thus according to a further aspect, we provide DNA molecules comprising a gene coding for the framework regions of a human antibody light or heavy chain having inserted therein in the correct CDR region, oligonucleotides encoding CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 regions according to the present invention.

In the synthesis of a chimeric Mab in accordance with the invention, single stranded DNA coding for the V_(H) region of a chosen Mab (not necessarily an anti-D Mab) is incorporated in single stranded form into a vector capable of producing single stranded DNA, such as the M13 bacteriophage. FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically the structure of a single stranded V_(H) DNA including framework regions FR1 to FR4 with complementarity determining regions CDR1 to CDR3 of a Mab. These steps can be accomplished by conventional techniques such as those described in Riechmann et al (Nature, 332, 323-327, (1988)).

Three oligonucleotides may then be prepared corresponding to the CDR regions of the chosen anti-D Mab variable domain, eg the V_(H) region of FOG-B as shown in FIG. 4, and will include several nucleotides on either side of each CDR region to permit hybridisation with the framework regions FR1 to FR4 (see FIG. 1). The sequences of the latter will normally be substantially homologous with those of the anti-D Mab (e.g. FOG-B) but since the oligonucleotides will normally be synthesised chemically, hybridisation may be ensured by matching the overlapping nucleotides exactly to the FRs 1 to 4. It may also be beneficial to modify the oligonucleotides to express the CDRs more efficiently in the eventual host cells.

The three oligonucleotides, shown in FIG. 1 as oligo 1 to oligo 3, may then be annealed to a single stranded V_(H) DNA in the M13 vector and used as primers to synthesise second strand DNA containing the anti-D V_(H) CDR sequences. This may be achieved conventionally using a suitable polymerase. Since the antibody specificity is determined solely by the three CDR regions, the actual V_(H) gene chosen for the framework template is immaterial. All that is required is that there is sufficient homology of the three chosen oligonucleotides with the template. This is ensured by appropriate design of the terminal nucleotides of the synthetic oligonucleotide primers. Thus the second strand may contain sequences from substantially any human antibody heavy chain gene, so long as the resulting expressed protein posesses the desired binding parameters.

The double stranded M13 vector may then be used to transform a suitable host microorganism e.g. a conventional E. coli and one or more clones selected which contain the required anti-D V_(H) specificity. The correct clone may be identified by DNA seqencing.

The corresponding V_(L) DNA (e.g. for FOG-B) may be prepared in the same way.

The DNA coding for the V_(H) and V_(L) regions may then be excised from the above vectors and introduced into other vectors.

According to a further aspect, we provide DNA molecules being synthetic genes for chimaeric antibody, heavy or light chains when incorporated into vectors capable of expressing such antibody chains. Preferred vectors include mammalian expression vectors, such as pSV2gpt (heavy chains) and pSV2neo (light chains) containing DNA coding for the human constant region. Such vectors are readily available from a number of laboratories, or can readily be prepared by incorporating DNA coding for human constant region into known mammalian vectors.

The expression vectors so constructed may then be co-transfected into an appropriate cell-line e.g. a non-secreting IgG myeloma, for large scale production.

Thus according to a yet further aspect, the present invention provides each of the CDR polypeptides of the Mabs FOG-B, PAG-1, MAD-2, FOG-1, FOM-1, FOM-A, BRAD-3, JAC-I0, GAD-2, REG-A and HAM-B shown in FIGS. 2-14 of the accompanying drawings in single stranded or double stranded form in the absence of the constant and or framework regions of said Mabs.

According to a yet further aspect, the invention provides chimaeric antibody heavy and light chains of the variable domains comprising CDR polypeptide sequences of the present invention.

Knowledge of the antibody sequences according to the invention enables new chimaeric anti-D antibody molecules to be prepared, having appropriately designed binding specificities. These antibodies may be used for both therapy and diagnosis using presently known techniques.

According to a yet further aspect, we provide anti-RhD reagents comprising at least one antibody molecule according to the invention.

According to a still yet further aspect, we provide pharmaceutical compositions for use in passive immunisation to prevent haemolytic disease of the newborn comprising an antibody of the present invention together with at least one phamacologically acceptable carrier or diluent.

A sterile solution of such an antibody for human injection may be formulated in any physiologically acceptable aqueous medium, for example isotonic phosphate buffered saline or serum. Alternatively, the antibody may be supplied in a freeze-dried formulation ready for reconstitution prior to use.

EXAMPLE

(1) Construction of Chimaeric Antibody Genes

Three oligonucleotide primers are synthesised using an Applied Biosystems machine according to the manufacturer's instructions and purified on an 8 M Urea/polyacrylamide gel (Sanger & Coulson, Febs Lett., 87, 107-110, 1978). The primers are designed to comprise in their central regions sequences complementary to the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 regions of the anti-RhD antibody PAG-1 heavy chain gene, as identified according to the criteria described by Kabat et al. (Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, U.S. Department of Health and Social Services, 1987).

The central sequences are flanked at both their 5' and 3' termini by sequences of 10 nucleotides which hybridise to the termini of the corresponding framework region sequences adjacent to the CDR sequence of the heavy chain antibody gene NEWM (Poljack et al., Biochemistry 16, 3412-3420, 1977). The primers are then hybridised to the derived NEWM single stranded DNA heavy chain sequence in the M13 bacteriophage and the complementary strand of the heavy chain variable region extended using DNA polymerase (Neuberger et al., Nature 314, 268-270 (1985), Jones et al., Nature 321, 522-5 (1986)). The M13 vector also contains an appropriate arrangement for ultimate expression, i.e. a leader sequence, and unique HindIII and BamHI restriction sites.

A similar construct is prepared from oligonucleotide primers homologous to the CDR regions of the PAG-1 anti-RhD antibody light chain genes, and utilising the M13 vector in which V_(L) and J_(L) regions of the antibody gene PAV1 (Sun et al., Nucleic Acids Research 13, 4921-4934, 1985) are cloned.

(2) Expression of Antibody Polypeptides

The cloned genes for the V_(H) domains are excised using HindIII and BamHI and cloned into pSV2gpt (Mulligan and Berg, PNAS 78, 2072-6, 1981). The cloned light chain genes are similarly excised and cloned into pSV2neo (Southern and Berg, J. Molec. Appl. Genetics 1 327-381, 1981). Sequences encloding IgGl constant regions are then inserted into the vectors (Riechmann et al., Nature 312, 323-7, (1988). Both vectors are then transfected by electroporation (Potter et al., PNAS 81, 7161-3, 1984) into the rat myeloma cell line YO (YB2/3.0 AG, 20) (Galfre and Milstein, Methods in Enzymology 73, 1-46, 1981) for antibody production.

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(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 51 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:19:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #             51ATGGAAT TAGCACAAGT TACGCGAACT CCGTGAAGGG C     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 51 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:20:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #             51ATGGAAG TAATAAGTAC TATGCAGAGT CCGTGAAGGG C     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 51 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:21:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #             51ATGGAAG TAATAAAAAC TATGCAGACT CCGTGAAGGG C     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 51 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:22:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #             51ATGGAAG TAATAAATAC TATGCAGACT CCGTGAAGGG C     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 51 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:23:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #             51ACACCTC GGTACGGAAG AGGGTTTGGA ATATGGACCT C     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:24:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 48 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:24:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #                48CCAT TTCACAGTAC TCCTATTACA TGGACGTC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:25:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 48 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:25:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #                48CGAT TTCACAGTAC TCCTATTACA TGGACGTC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:26:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 36 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:26:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #       36         ATGG GTACAAGTTT GACTAC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:27:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 48 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:27:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #                48GTGG TTACGGCTTC TACTCCGGCA TGGACGTC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:28:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 60 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:28:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - GGCTTAGAAC GTCCGATTAG GAACCAGCTG CTAAACCGTC TCGGTTACTA CA - #TGGACGTC       60     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:29:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 39 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:29:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #    39            CCTT GGATTACGGT ATGGACGTC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:30:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 54 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:30:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - GATAGTCCCA AAATGAGGGC TGGAAGTATG TTTCGCTACT ACTACATGGA CG - #TC       54     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:31:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 51 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:31:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #             51CAGCTCG TCTCTTGTCG GGCGGGTACG GTATGGACGT C     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:32:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 54 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:32:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - GTCGTTAGCA GCAACCGGTA CTCTCTAAGC TACTATTATT ACTACATGGA CG - #TC       54     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:33:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 51 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:33:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #             51TGTCTGG AGTGATCATT CCTCGCCGGT ATTTTGACTA C     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:34:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 48 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:34:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #                48GGGG AGTTAGGCGT TACTACGGTA TGGACGTC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:35:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 39 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:35:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #    39            ACAT TGGGAATAAT TATGTATCC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:36:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 33 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:36:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #         33       GGCG TAAAAGTGTG CAC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:37:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 33 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:37:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #         33       GACG TAAAAGTGTG CAC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:38:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 21 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:38:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #21                CCTC A     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:39:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 21 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:39:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #21                CCTC A     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:40:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 21 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:40:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #21                CCTC A     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:41:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 33 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:41:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #         33       GCCT GAGTGCTGTG GTG     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:42:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 39 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:42:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     #    39            GTAG TGCTCATCCG GGGGTGGTA     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:43:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 333 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:43:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - CAGTCTGTGT TGACGCAGCC GCCCTGAGTG TCTGCGGCCC CAGGACAGAA GG - #TCACCATC       60     - TCCTGCTCCG GAACCAGCTC CAACATTGGG AATAATTATG TATCCTGGTA TC - #AGCAGCTC      120     - CCAGGAACAG CCCCCAAACT CCTCATTTAT GACAATAATA AGCGACCCTC AG - #GGATTCCT      180     - GACCGATTCT CTGGCTCCAA GTCTGGCACG TCAGCCACCC TGGGCATCAC CG - #GACTCCGG      240     - ACTGGGGACG AGGCCGATTA TTACTGCGCA ACATGGGATA GCAGCCTGAG TG - #CTGTGGTG      300     #        333       AGCT GACCGTCCTA AGT     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:44:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 333 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:44:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - TCCTATGTGC TGACTCAGCC ACCCTCGGTG TCAGTGGCCC CAGGACAGAC GG - #CCAGGATT       60     - ACCTGTGGGG GAAACAACAT TGGACGTAAA AGTGTGCACT GGTACCAGCA GA - #AGCCAGGC      120     - CAGGCCCCTG TGCTGGTCGT CTATGGTGCT AGCGACCGGC CCTCAGGGAT CC - #CTGAGCGA      180     - TTCTCTGGCT CCAACTCTGG GAACACGGCC ACCCTGACCA TCAGCAGGGT CG - #CAGCCGGG      240     - GATGAGGCCG ACTATTACTG TCAGGTGTGG GATAGTAGTA GTGCTCATCC GG - #GGGTGGTA      300     #        333       AGCT GACCGTCCTA GGT     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:45:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 381 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:45:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - CAGCTGCGGC TGCAGGAGTC GGGCCCAGGA CTGGTGAAGC CTTCGGAGAC CC - #TGTCCCTC       60     - ACCTGCAGTG TCTCTGGTGG CTCCGTCAGC AGTGGTGGTC TCTACTGGGG CT - #GGGTCCGC      120     - CAGCCCCCAG GGAAGGGGCT CGAATGGATT GGCAGTATAT TTTATAGTGG GA - #GCACCTAC      180     - TACAATCCCT CCCTCAAGAG CCGAGTCACC ATATCCGTAG ACACGTTGAA GA - #ATAACTTC      240     - TCCCTGAAGC TGAGTTCTGT GACCGCCGCA GACACGGCTG TTTATTACTG TA - #CGAGACCA      300     - GGCTATGGCG ACACCTCGGT ACGGAAGAGG GTTTGGAATA TGGACCTCTG GG - #GCCAAGGG      360     #                 381TC G     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:46:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 372 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:46:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - CAGGTGCAGC TGCAGGAGTC GGGCCCAGGA CTGGTGAAGC CTTCGGAGAC CC - #TGTCCGTC       60     - ACCTGCACTG TCTCTGGTGG CTCCGTCAGT AGTTCCTACT GGAGCTGGAT CC - #GGCAGCCC      120     - CCAGGGAAGG GACCGGAGTG GATTGGGTAT ATCTATTACA GTGGGAGCAC CA - #ACTACAAC      180     - CCCTCCCTCA GGAGTCGAGT CACCATATCA GTAGACACGT CCAAGAACCA GT - #TCTCCCTG      240     - AAGCTGGGCT CTGTGACCGC TGCGGACACG GCCGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAG AG - #TTTTGGTT      300     - TCCCGTACGA TTTCACAGTA CTCCTATTAC ATGGACGTCT GGGGCAAAGG GA - #CCACGGTC      360     #      372     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:47:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 321 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     -     (ix) FEATURE:               (A) NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- - #feature               (B) LOCATION: 1..321     #/note= "Nucleotides 1-321 corres.                    to nucleo - #tides 24-344 of Fig. 6/14. Nucleotides     #345-360 represent PCR primers."     #ID NO:47:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - CGCAGGACTG TTGAAGCCTT CGGAGACCCT GTCCCTCACC TGCGCTGTCT AT - #GGTGGGTC       60     - CTTCAGTGGT TACTACTGGA GCTGGATCCG CCAGCCTCCA GGGAAGGGGC TG - #GAGTGGAT      120     - TGGGGAAATC AATCATAGTG GAAGGACCAA CTACAACCCG TCCCTCAAGA CT - #CGAGTCAC      180     - CATATCAGTA GACACGTCCA AGAACCAGTT CTCCCTGAAG CTGAGTTCTG TG - #ACCGCCGC      240     - GGACACGGCT GTGTATTACT GTGCGAGACT GTGGCTCGAT GGACATGGGT AC - #AAGTTTGA      300     #                 321CC T     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:48:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 372 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:48:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - CAGGTGCATC TACAGCAGTG GGGCACAGGG CTGTTGAAGC CTTCGGAGAC CC - #TGTCCCTC       60     - ACCTGCGCTG TCCATGGTGG GTCCTTCAAT GTTTACTACT GGACCTGGAT CC - #GCCAGCCC      120     - CCAGGAAAGG CGCTGGAGTG GATTGGGGAA ATCAATCATA GTGGAGGCGC CA - #ACTACAAT      180     - CCGTCCCTCA AGAGTCGAGT CACCATGTCA GCAGACACGT CCAAGAACCA GT - #TCTCCCTG      240     - AAACTGACCT CTGTGACCGC CGCGGACACG GCTGTGTTTT ATTGTGCGAG AG - #GCCGGTCC      300     - CGTTATAGTG GTTACGGCTT CTACTCCGGC ATGGACGTCT GGGGCCCAGG GA - #CCACGGTC      360     #      372     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:49:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 384 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:49:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - CAGGTGCAGC TACAGCAGTG GGGCGCAGGA CTGTTGAAGC CTTCGGAGAC CC - #TGTCCCTC       60     - ACCTGCGCTG TCTATGGTGG GTCCTTCAGT GGTTACTACT GGAACTGGAT CC - #GCCAGCCC      120     - CCAGGGAAGG GGCTGGAGTG GATTGGGGAA ATCATTCATA GTGGAAGCAC CA - #ACTACAAC      180     - CCGTCCCTCA AGAGTCGAGT CACCATGTCA GTAGACACGT CCAAGAACCA GT - #TCTCCCTG      240     - AAGCTGAGCT CTGTGACCGC CGCGGACACG GCTGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAG AG - #GCTTAGAA      300     - CGTCCGATTA GGAACCAGCT GCTAAACCGT CTCGGTTACT ACATGGACGT CT - #GGGGCAAA      360     #               384TCTC CTCA     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:50:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 363 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     #ID NO:50:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - CAGGTGCAGC TACAGCAGTG GGGCGCAGGA CTGTTGAAGC CTTCGGAGAC CC - #TGTCCCTC       60     - ACCTGCGCTG TCTATGGTGG GTCCTTCAGT GGTTACTACT GGAGCTGGAT CC - #GCCAGCCC      120     - CCAGGGAAGG GGCTGGAGTG GATTGGGGAA ATCAGTCGTC GTGGAAGCAC CA - #ACTACAAC      180     - CCGTCCCTCA AGAGTCGAGT CGCCATATCA GTAGACACGT CCAAGAACCA GT - #TCTCCCTG      240     - AAGGTGAGGT CTGTGACCGC CGCGGACACG GCTGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAG AG - #CCTTGGAC      300     - TACATCTCCT TGGATTACGG TATGGACGTC TGGGGCCAAG GGACCACGGT CA - #CCGTCTCC      360     #            363     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:51:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 342 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     -     (ix) FEATURE:               (A) NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- - #feature               (B) LOCATION: 1..342     #/note= "Nucleotides 1-381 corres.                    to nucleo - #tides 24-365 of Fig. 10/14.  Nucleotides     #366-381 represent PCR primers."     #ID NO:51:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - GGGAGGCGTG GTCCAGCCTG GGAGGTTCCT GAGACTCTCC TGTGCAGCGT CT - #GGATTCAC       60     - CTTCAGTAGC TATGGCATGC ACTGGGTCCG CCAGGCTCCA GGCAAGGGGC TG - #GAGTGGGT      120     - GGCACTTATA TGGTATGATG GAAGTAATAA AGAATATGCA GACTTCGTGA AG - #GGCCGATT      180     - CACCATCTCC AGAGACAATT CCAAGAATAC ACTGTATCTG CAAATGAACA GC - #CTGAGAGC      240     - CGAGGACACG GCTGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAC AGATAGTCCC AAAATGAGGG CT - #GGAAGTAT      300     # 342              ATGG ACGTCTGGGG CAAAGGGACC AC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:52:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 339 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     -     (ix) FEATURE:               (A) NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- - #feature               (B) LOCATION: 1..339     #/note= "Nucleotides 1-378 corres.                    to nucleo - #tides 24-362 of Fig. 11/14. Nucleotides     #363-378 represent PCR primers."     #ID NO:52:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - GGGAGGCTTA GTTCAGCCTG GGGGGTCCCT GAGACTCTCC TGTGCAGCCT CT - #GGATTCAC       60     - CTTCAGTAGT TACTGGATGC ACTGGGTCCG CCAAGCTCCA GGGAAGGGGC TG - #GTGTGGGT      120     - CTCACGTATT AATAGTTATG GAATTAGCAC AAGTTACGCG AACTCCGTGA AG - #GGCCGATT      180     - CACCATCTCC AGAGACAACG CCAAGAACAC GCTGTATCTG CAAATGAACA CT - #CTGAGAGC      240     - CGAGGACACG GCTGTGTATT ACTGTGCAAG AGGAGAGCGC ATAGCAGCTC GT - #CTCTTGTC      300     #   339            GACG TCTGGGGCCA AGGGACCAC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:53:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 342 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     -     (ix) FEATURE:               (A) NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- - #feature               (B) LOCATION: 1..342     #/note= "Nucleotides 1-381 corres.                    to nucleo - #tides 24-365 of Fig. 12/14. Nucleotides     #366-381 represent PCR primers."     #ID NO:53:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - GGGAGGCGTG GTCCAGCCTG GGAGGTCCCT GAGACTCTCC TGTGCAGCGT CT - #GGATTCAC       60     - CTTTAGTAGC TATGGCATGC ACTGGGTCCG CCAGGCTCCA GGCAAGGGGC TG - #GAGTGGGT      120     - GGCAGTGATA TGGTATGATG GAAGTAATAA GTACTATGCA GAGTCCGTGA AG - #GGCCGATT      180     - CACCATCTCC AGAGACAATT CCAAGAACAC GCTGTATCTG CAAATGAACA GC - #CTGAGAGC      240     - CGAGGACACG GCTGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAG AGTCGTTAGC AGCAACCGGT AC - #TCTCTAAG      300     # 342              ATGG ACGTCTGGGG CAAAGGGACC AC     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:54:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 339 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     -     (ix) FEATURE:               (A) NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- - #feature               (B) LOCATION: 1..339     #/note= "Nucleotides 1-378 corres.                    to nucleo - #tides 24-362 of Fig. 13/14. Nucleotides     #363-378 represent PCR primers."     #ID NO:54:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - GGGAGGCGTG GTCCAGCCTG GGAGGTCCCT GAGACTCTCC TGTGCAGCGT CT - #GGATTCAC       60     - CTTCAATAAT TATGGCATGC ACTGGGTCCG CCAGGCTCCA GGCAAGGGGC TG - #GAGTGGGT      120     - GGCAGTTATA TGGTATGATG GAAGTAATAA AAACTATGCA GACTCCGTGA AG - #GGCCGATT      180     - CACCATCTCC AGAGACAATT CCAAGAACAC GCTGTATCTG CAAATGAACA GC - #CTGAGAGC      240     - CGAGGACACG GCTGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAG AGAACGTACT ACGATGTCTG GA - #GTGATCAT      300     #   339            GACT ACTGGGGCCA GGGAACCCG     - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:55:     -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:     #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 335 base               (B) TYPE: nucleic acid               (C) STRANDEDNESS: single               (D) TOPOLOGY: linear     -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)     -     (ix) FEATURE:               (A) NAME/KEY: misc.sub.-- - #feature               (B) LOCATION: 1..335     #/note= "Nucleotides 1-375 corres.                    to nucleo - #tides 24-359 of Fig. 14/14. Nucleotides     #360-375 represent PCR primers."     #ID NO:55:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ     - GGGGGCGTGG TCCAGCCTGG GAGGTCCCTG AGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCGTC TG - #GATTCACC       60     - TTCAGTAGCT ATGGCATGCA CTGGGTCCGC CAGGCTCCAG GCAAGGGGCT GG - #AGTGGGTG      120     - GCAGTTATTT GGTATGATGG AAGTAATAAA TACTATGCAG ACTCCGTGAA GG - #GCCGATTC      180     - ACCATCTCCA GAGACAATTC CAAGAACACG CTGTATCTGC AAATGAACAG CC - #TGAGAGCC      240     - GAGGACACGG CTGTGTATTA CTGTGCGAGA GAAGTTACTA TGGTTCGGGG AG - #TTAGGCGT      300     #      335         TCTG GGGCCCAGGG ACCAC     __________________________________________________________________________ 

I claim:
 1. A chimeric antibody V_(H) chain against a Rhesus D antigen or an antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a CDR1, CDR2 and a CDR3 region, said V_(H) chain selected from the group consisting of:(i) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTGGTGGTCTCTACTGGGGC SEQ ID NO:1!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTATATTTTATAGTGGGAGCACCTACTACAATCCCTC CCTCAAGAGC SEQ ID NO: 12!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of CCAGGCTATGGCGACACCTCGGTACGGAAGAGGGTTTGGAATATGGACCTC SEQ ID NO:23!; (ii) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTTCCTACTGGAGC SEQ ID NO:2!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of TATATCTATTACAGTGGGAGCACCAACTACAACCCCTCCCTC AGGAGT SEQ ID NO:13!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTTTGGTTTCCCGTACGATTTCACAGTACTCCTATTACATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:25!; (iii) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTTACTACTGGACC SEQ ID NO:4!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAAATCAATCATAGTGGAGGCGCCAACTACAATCCGTCC CTCAAGAGT SEQ ID NO: 15!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GGCCGGTCCCGTTATAGTGGTTACGGCTTCTACTCCGGCATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:27!; (iv) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GGTTACTACTGGAGC SEQ ID NO:6!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAAATCAGTCGTCGTGGAAGCACCAACTACAACCCGTCCCTC AAGAGT SEQ ID NO: 17!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GCCTTGGACTACATCTCCTTGGATTACGGTATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:29!; (v) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGCTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:7!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of CTTATATGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAAGAATATGCAGACTTC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:18!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GATAGTCCCAAAATGAGGGCTGGAAGTATGTTTCGCTACTACTACATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:30!; (vi) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTTACTGGATGCAC SEQ ID NO:8!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of CGTATTAATAGTTATGGAATTAGCACAAGTTACGCGAACTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:19!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GGAGAGCGCATAGCAGCTCGTCTCTTGTCGGGCGGGTACGGTATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:31!; (vii) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGCTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:9!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTGATATGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAGTACTATGCAGAGTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:20!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTCGTTAGCAGCAACCGGTACTCTCTAAGCTACTATTATTACTACATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:32!; (viii) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AATTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO: 10!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTATATGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAAAACTATGCAGACTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:21!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAACGTACTACGATGTCTGGAGTGATCATTCCTCGCCGGTATTTTGACTAC; SEQ ID NO:33!; and (ix) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGCTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:11!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTATTTGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAATACTATGCAGACTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:22!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAAGTTACTATGGTTCGGGGAGTTAGGCGTTACTACGGTATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:34!,or a V_(H) chain wherein at least one of said sequences has extended terminal regions.
 2. The chimeric antibody V_(H) chain according to claim 1, wherein said V_(H) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTGGTGGTCTCTACTGGGGC SEQ ID NO: 1!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTATATTTTATAGTGGGAGCACCTACTACAATCCCTC CCTCAAGAGC SEQ ID NO:12!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of CCAGGCTATGGCGACACCTCGGTACGGAAGAGGGTTTGGAATATGGACCTC SEQ ID NO:23!.
 3. The chimeric antibody V_(H) chain according to claim 1, wherein said V_(H) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTTCCTACTGGAGC SEQ ID NO:2!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of TATATCTATTACAGTGGGAGCACCAACTACAACCCCTCCCTC AGGAGT SEQ ID NO: 13!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTTTGGTTTCCCGTACGATTTCACAGTACTCCTATTACATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:25!.
 4. The chimeric antibody V_(H) chain according to claim 1, wherein said V_(H) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTTACTACTGGACC SEQ ID NO:4!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAAATCAATCATAGTGGAGGCGCCAACTACAATCCGTCC CTCAAGAGT SEQ ID NO: 15!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GGCCGGTCCCGTTATAGTGGTTACGGCTTCTACTCCGGCATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:27!.
 5. The chimeric antibody V_(H) chain according to claim 1, wherein said V_(H) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GGTTACTACTGGAGC SEQ ID NO:6!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAAATCAGTCGTCGTGGAAGCACCAACTACAACCCGTCCCTCAAGAGT SEQ ID NO: 17!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GCCTTGGACTACATCTCCTTGGATTACGGTATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:29!.
 6. The chimeric antibody V_(H) chain according to claim 1, wherein said V_(H) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGCTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:7!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of CTTATATGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAAGAATATGCAGACTTC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO: 18!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GATAGTCCCAAAATGAGGGCTGGAAGTATGTTTCGCTACTACTACATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:30!.
 7. The chimeric antibody V_(H) chain according to claim 1, wherein said V_(H) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTTACTGGATGCAC SEQ ID NO:8!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of CGTATTAATAGTTATGGAATTAGCACAAGTTACGCGAACTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO: 19!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GGAGAGCGCATAGCAGCTCGTCTCTTGTCGGGCGGGTACGGTATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:31!.
 8. The chimeric antibody V_(H) chain according to claim 1, wherein said V_(H) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGCTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:9!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTGATATGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAGTACTATGCAGAGTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:20!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTCGTTAGCAGCAACCGGTACTCTCTAAGCTACTATTATTACTACATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:32!.
 9. The chimeric antibody V_(H) chain according to claim 1, wherein said V_(H) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AATTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO: 10!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTATATGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAAAACTATGCAGACTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:21!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAACGTACTACGATGTCTGGAGTGATCATTCCTCGCCGGTATTTTGACTAC; SEQ ID NO:33!.
 10. The chimeric antibody V_(H) chain according to claim 1, wherein said V_(H) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGCTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:11!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTATTTGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAATACTATGCAGACTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:22!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAAGTTACTATGGTTCGGGGAGTTAGGCGTTACTACGGTATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:34!.
 11. A chimeric antibody V_(L) chain against a Rhesus D antigen or an antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a CDR1, CDR2 and a CDR3 region, wherein said V_(L) chain is selected from the group consisting of:(i) a V_(L) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence TCCGGAACCAGCTCCAACATTGGGAATAATTATGTATCC SEQ ID NO:35!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence GACAATAATAAGCGACCC TCA SEQ ID NO:38!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence GCAACATGGGATAGCAGCCTGAGTGCTGTGGTG SEQ ID NO:41!; and (ii) a V_(L) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence GGGGGAAACAACATTGGACGTAAAAGTGTGCAC SEQ ID NO:37!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence GGTGCTAGCGACCGGCCCTCA SEQ ID NO:40!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence CAGGTGTGGGATAGTAGT AGTGCTCATCCGGGGGTGGTA SEQ ID NO:42!,or a V_(L) chain wherein at least one of said sequences has extended terminal regions.
 12. The chimeric antibody V_(L) chain according to claim 11, wherein said V_(L) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence TCCGGAACCAGCTCCAACATTGGGAATAATTATGTATCC SEQ ID NO:35!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence GACAATAATAAGCGACCC TCA SEQ ID NO:38!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence GCAACATGGGATAGCAGCCTGAGTGCTGTGGTG SEQ ID NO:41!.
 13. The chimeric antibody V_(L) chain according to claim 11, wherein said V_(L) chain comprises a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence GGGGGAAACAACATTGGACGTAAAAGTGTGCAC SEQ ID NO:37!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence GGTGCTAGCGACCGGCCCTCA SEQ ID NO:40!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence CAGGTGTGGGATAGTAGTAGTGCTCAT CCGGGGGTGGTA SEQ ID NO:42!.
 14. A chimeric antibody molecule against the Rhesus (D) antigen or an antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a V_(H) chain as defined in claim
 1. 15. A chimeric antibody molecule against the Rhesus (D) antigen or an antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a V_(L) chain as defined in claim
 11. 16. A chimeric antibody molecule against the Rhesus (D) antigen or an antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a V_(H) chain according to claim 1, and a chimeric antibody V_(L) chain selected from the group consisting of:(i) a V_(L) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence TCCGGAACCAGCTCCAACATTGGGAATAATTATGTATCC SEQ ID NO:35!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence GACAATAATAAGCGACCC TCA SEQ ID NO:38!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence GCAACATGGGATAGCAGCCTGAGTGCTGTGGTG SEQ ID NO:41!; and (ii) a V_(L) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence GGGGGAAACAACATTGGACGTAAAAGTGTGCAC SEQ ID NO:37!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence GGTGCTAGCGACCGGCCCTCA SEQ ID NO:40!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence CAGGTGTGGGATAGTAGT AGTGCTCATCCGGGGGTGGTA SEQ ID NO:42!,or a V_(L) chain wherein at least one of said sequences has extended terminal regions.
 17. A chimeric antibody molecule against the Rhesus (D) antigen or an antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a V_(L) chain according to claim 11 and a V_(H) chain selected from the group consisting of:(i) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTGGTGGTCTCTACTGGGGC SEQ ID NO:1!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTATATTTTATAGTGGGAGCACCTACTACAATCCCTC CCTCAAGAGC SEQ ID NO:12!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of CCAGGCTATGGCGACACCTCGGTACGGAAGAGGGTTTGGAATATGGACCTC SEQ ID NO:23!; (ii) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTTCCTACTGGAGC SEQ ID NO:2!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of TATATCTATTACAGTGGGAGCACCAACTACAACCCCTCCCTC AGGAGT SEQ ID NO:13!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTTTGGTTTCCCGTACGATTTCACAGTACTCCTATTACATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:25!; (iii) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTTACTACTGGACC SEQ ID NO:4!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAAATCAATCATAGTGGAGGCGCCAACTACAATCCGTCC CTCAAGAGT SEQ ID NO:15!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GGCCGGTCCCGTTATAGTGGTTACGGCTTCTACTCCGGCATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:27!; (iv) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GGTTACTACTGGAGC SEQ ID NO:6!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAAATCAGTCGTCGTGGAAGCACCAACTACAACCCGTCCCTC AAGAGT SEQ ID NO:17!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GCCTTGGACTACATCTCCTTGGATTACGGTATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:29!; (v) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGCTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:7!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of CTTATATGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAAGAATATGCAGACTTC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:18!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GATAGTCCCAAAATGAGGGCTGGAAGTATGTTTCGCTACTACTACATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:30!; (vi) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGTTACTGGATGCAC SEQ ID NO:8!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of CGTATTAATAGTTATGGAATTAGCACAAGTTACGCGAACTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:19!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GGAGAGCGCATAGCAGCTCGTCTCTTGTCGGGCGGGTACGGTATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:31!; (vii) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGCTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:9!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTGATATGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAGTACTATGCAGAGTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:20!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTCGTTAGCAGCAACCGGTACTCTCTAAGCTACTATTATTACTACATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:32!; (viii) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AATTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:10!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTATATGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAAAACTATGCAGACTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:21!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAACGTACTACGATGTCTGGAGTGATCATTCCTCGCCGGTATTTTGACTAC; SEQ ID NO:33!; and (ix) a V_(H) chain comprising a CDR1 region encoded by the DNA sequence of AGCTATGGCATGCAC SEQ ID NO:11!; a CDR2 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GTTATTTGGTATGATGGAAGTAATAAATACTATGCAGACTCC GTGAAGGGC SEQ ID NO:22!; and a CDR3 region encoded by the DNA sequence of GAAGTTACTATGGTTCGGGGAGTTAGGCGTTACTACGGTATGGACGTC SEQ ID NO:34!,or a V_(H) chain wherein at least one of said sequences has extended terminal regions.
 18. An anti-Rhesus (D) reagent comprising a chimeric antibody as claimed in claim
 14. 19. An anti-Rhesus (D) reagent comprising a chimeric antibody as claimed in claim
 15. 20. An anti-Rhesus (D) reagent comprising a chimeric antibody as claimed in claim
 16. 21. An anti-Rhesus (D) reagent comprising a chimeric antibody as claimed in claim
 17. 22. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody as claimed in claim 14 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
 23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody as claimed in claim 15 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
 24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody as claimed in claim 16 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
 25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody as claimed in claim 17 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
 26. A chimeric antibody molecule against the Rhesus (D) antigen or an antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a V_(H) chain as defined in claim 1 and a V_(L) chain of an antibody against the human RhD antigen.
 27. A chimeric antibody molecule against the Rhesus (D) antigen or an antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a V_(L) chain as defined in claim 11 and a V_(H) chain of an antibody against the human RhD antigen.
 28. An anti-Rhesus (D) reagent comprising a chimeric antibody as claimed in claim
 26. 29. An anti-Rhesus (D) reagent comprising a chimeric antibody as claimed in claim
 27. 30. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody as claimed in claim 26 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
 31. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody as claimed in claim 27 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. 